TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) lets you print flexible parts: phone cases, soles, gaskets, shock absorbers. It calls for different settings than PLA or PETG, and its compatibility with automatic multicolor systems like the AMS is not universal.
TPU is a highly elastic flexible filament: a printed part can stretch and then return to its original shape, which makes it a common choice for phone cases, soles, gaskets, or parts meant to absorb an impact rather than transmit it. Unlike PLA or PETG, the difficulty is not so much temperature as the mechanical handling of a filament that deforms easily before it even reaches the nozzle.
That behavior explains most of the specific settings covered on this page: lower speed, a shortened filament path, and close attention to retraction.
Typical projects include a drop-resistant phone case, a custom gasket for an enclosure, a hinge that needs to flex thousands of times, or a shoe sole prototype. None of these are impossible on a standard FDM printer, but each benefits from starting with a TPU-specific profile rather than reusing PLA or PETG settings with the temperature simply raised.
TPU hardness is read on the Shore scale, generally A for softer formulations and D for harder ones, written for example as 85A, 90A, or 70D. The higher the number, the harder the filament and the easier it feeds through the drive system.
According to Bambu Lab's documentation, a hardness of 85A or higher is recommended for stable printing: softer TPU (83A, 80A) bends easily during feeding, causing jams or unstable extrusion, and their printers do not support TPU rated below 85A hardness.
As a rough guide, a harder TPU around 90A to 95A behaves closer to PETG in terms of feeding reliability while still flexing noticeably, whereas anything softer trades that reliability for a squishier feel that is harder to print consistently on a typical FDM setup.
If a project needs the softest possible feel, such as a wearable strap or a cushioning insert, it is worth checking whether the target printer and its feeder even support that hardness before buying a spool, since a filament rated below the machine's supported range will jam or feed unpredictably regardless of how carefully the rest of the settings are tuned.
Users and manufacturer guides almost unanimously recommend starting from a dedicated TPU profile rather than a tweaked PLA or PETG one: the Prusa Knowledge Base for Prusament TPU 95A places the nozzle between 220 and 240 °C and the bed between 55 and 75 °C, with pre-configured profiles offered for printers fitted with a direct extruder such as the Nextruder. A direct extruder shortens the path between the drive gear and the nozzle, which reduces the risk of flexible filament buckling or coiling before it gets pushed through.
On bowden-extruder machines, a shorter tube or a reinforced filament path helps limit this; either way, reducing print speed remains the single most effective setting for a first TPU attempt.
Bambu Lab's TPU guide stresses nozzle history: a nozzle previously used with carbon or glass fiber filament retains residue that increases resistance when feeding TPU, which is why a cold pull before starting, or even a fresh nozzle for demanding prints, pays off. It also recommends turning off dynamic flow calibration before printing TPU, since that calibration is not reliable on such a soft filament.
TPU is also highly moisture-sensitive per the same documentation: drying before printing and storing with desiccant limit bubbles, stringing, and reduced layer adhesion, much like PETG filament.
Automatic multicolor compatibility is the most misunderstood part of TPU. According to Bambu Lab's documentation, only the AMS HT supports printing with TPU among AMS modules: when used for TPU, it works only as a sealed enclosure, without its automatic feeding, and the filament must run through a dedicated outlet. Other AMS units (AMS, AMS Lite, AMS 2 Pro) are not compatible with TPU.
Bambu Lab's published hardware compatibility table further states that A1-series printers do not support TPU 85A, while remaining compatible with TPU 90A, TPU 95A HF, or TPU built specifically for the AMS. A dedicated "TPU for AMS" filament exists, formulated to work with the standard automatic feeding across the whole AMS lineup: checking this exact detail on the filament's listing before buying avoids a bad surprise when loading it.
Bambu Lab's guide lays out a multi-step approach to TPU stringing: limit idle travel moves by printing one object at a time rather than several side by side, lower the nozzle temperature slightly by about 5 °C while also reducing speed, then increase retraction distance in small 0.2 mm steps if oozing persists. Poorly dried filament often produces the same symptoms, so it is worth checking that first before readjusting everything else.
For removable support material, this documentation still recommends PLA over using TPU as its own support, which is harder to remove cleanly.
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